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Nail fungal infections account for about half of all nail disorders. They usually develop on nails continually exposed to warm, moist environments, such as sweaty shoes or shower floors. The infection isn't the same as athlete's foot, which primarily affects the skin of the feet.
Fungal infections make up about 50 percent of all nail disorders and can be difficult to treat. Known medically as onychomycosis, nail fungus often causes the end of the nail to separate from the nail bed. Debris - white, green, yellow or black - may build up under the nail plate and discolor the nail bed. Fungal infection of the toenails occurs four times more frequently than that of the fingernails, due to the warm, moist environment in shoes that promotes fungal growth.
Toenail fungus, also called onychomycosis, is a relatively common condition that disfigures and sometimes destroys the nail. Onychomycosis can be caused by several different types of fungi (microscopic organisms related to mold and mildew). These fungi thrive in the dark, moist and stuffy environment inside shoes. As they grow, they feed on keratin, the tough protein that makes up the hard surface of the toenails.
The body normally hosts a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. Some of these are useful to the body. Others may multiply rapidly and form infections. Fungi can live on the dead tissues of the hair, nails, and outer skin layers.
Toenail fungus rarely heals on its own. It is usually a chronic condition that gradually progresses to involve more and more of the nail. Even if the affected nail falls off or is knocked off, the new nail that grows usually is infected with fungus.
Creams and ointments are generally no help in treating onychomycosis. Recently, however, a nail lacquer (called Penlac) has been marketed and may be helpful in some patients.
Oral medications -- such as Sporanox (itraconazole) or Lamisil (terbinafine) -- may be taken for several months. While these medicines may clear the fungus in about half of all patients, they can cause numerous side effects. Many people are not able to take these medications because of other medications that they are taking, or other medical problems.
Nails grow slowly, so even if treatment is successful, a new, clearer nail may take up to one year to replace the old nail.
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Beau's lines | Nail Fungus | Nail-patella syndrome | Onycholysis |
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Yellow-nail syndrome | Leuconychia | Toe Nail Fungus | Nail Disorder |
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Onychogryphosis |
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